Tutorial: localized routing with the language
Step by step, let's build a sample app with Qwik Speak and a localized router using Qwik City features
Setup
See Quick Start
Routing
Let's assume that we want to create a navigation of this type:
default language (en-US): routes not localized
http://127.0.0.1:4173/
other languages (it-IT): localized routes
http://127.0.0.1:4173/it-IT/
In routes
root level add [...lang]
directory to catch all routes:
src/routes/
│
└───[...lang]/
index.tsx
layout.tsx
Now let's handle it. Update plugin.ts
in the root of the src/routes
directory:
src/routes/plugin.ts
import type { RequestHandler } from '@builder.io/qwik-city';
import { setSpeakContext, validateLocale } from 'qwik-speak';
import { config } from '../speak-config';
/**
* This middleware function must only contain the logic to set the locale,
* because it is invoked on every request to the server.
* Avoid redirecting or throwing errors here, and prefer layouts or pages
*/
export const onRequest: RequestHandler = ({ params, locale }) => {
let lang: string | undefined = undefined;
if (params.lang && validateLocale(params.lang)) {
// Check supported locales
lang = config.supportedLocales.find(value => value.lang === params.lang)?.lang;
} else {
lang = config.defaultLocale.lang;
}
// Set Speak context (optional: set the configuration on the server)
setSpeakContext(config);
// Set Qwik locale
locale(lang);
};
If you want to handle errors or redirects due to the locale, use layouts or pages. For example you could add in src/routes/layout.tsx
:
export const onRequest: RequestHandler = ({ locale, error, redirect }) => {
// E.g. 404 error page
if (!locale()) throw error(404, 'Page not found for requested locale');
// E.g. Redirect
// if (!locale()) {
// const getPath = localizePath();
// throw redirect(302, getPath('/page', 'en-US')); // Let the server know the language to use
// }
};
Usage
Add index.tsx
with some translation, providing optional default values for each translation: key@@[default value]
:
src/routes/[...lang]/index.tsx
import { inlineTranslate, useFormatDate, useFormatNumber } from 'qwik-speak';
export default component$(() => {
const t = inlineTranslate();
const fd = useFormatDate();
const fn = useFormatNumber();
return (
<>
<h1>{t('app.title@@{{name}} demo', { name: 'Qwik Speak' })}</h1>
<h3>{t('dates@@Dates')}</h3>
<p>{fd(Date.now(), { dateStyle: 'full', timeStyle: 'short' })}</p>
<h3>{t('numbers@@Numbers')}</h3>
<p>{fn(1000000, { style: 'currency' })}</p>
</>
);
});
export const head: DocumentHead = () => {
const t = inlineTranslate();
return {
title: t('app.head.home.title@@{{name}}', { name: 'Qwik Speak' }),
meta: [{ name: 'description', content: t('app.head.home.description@@Localized routing') }],
};
};
Add a page/index.tsx
to try the router:
src/routes/[...lang]/page/index.tsx
import { inlineTranslate } from 'qwik-speak';
export default component$(() => {
const t = inlineTranslate();
const key = 'dynamic';
return (
<>
<h1>{t('app.title', { name: 'Qwik Speak' })}</h1>
<p>{t(`runtime.${key}`)}</p>
</>
);
});
Note that it is not necessary to provide the default value in the key once again: it is sufficient and not mandatory to provide it once in the app
Note the use of a dynamic key (which will therefore only be available at runtime), which we assign to the
runtime
scope
Change locale
Now we want to change locale. Let's create a ChangeLocale
component:
src/components/change-locale/change-locale.tsx
import { useLocation } from '@builder.io/qwik-city';
import { useSpeakLocale, useSpeakConfig, useDisplayName, inlineTranslate, localizePath } from 'qwik-speak';
export const ChangeLocale = component$(() => {
const t = inlineTranslate();
const pathname = useLocation().url.pathname;
const locale = useSpeakLocale();
const config = useSpeakConfig();
const dn = useDisplayName();
const getPath = localizePath();
return (
<>
<h2>{t('app.changeLocale@@Change locale')}</h2>
{config.supportedLocales.map(value => (
<a key={value.lang} class={{ active: value.lang == locale.lang }} href={getPath(pathname, value.lang)}>
{dn(value.lang, { type: 'language' })}
</a>
))}
</>
);
});
We use the
<a>
tag tag because it is mandatory to reload the page when changing the language
Add the ChangeLocale
component in header.tsx
along with localized navigation links:
import { Link, useLocation } from '@builder.io/qwik-city';
import { inlineTranslate, localizePath } from 'qwik-speak';
import { ChangeLocale } from '../../change-locale/change-locale';
export default component$(() => {
const t = inlineTranslate();
const pathname = useLocation().url.pathname;
const getPath = localizePath();
const [homePath, pagePath] = getPath(['/', '/page/']);
return (
<>
<header>
<ul>
<li>
<Link href={homePath} class={{ active: pathname === homePath }}>
{t('app.nav.home@@Home')}
</Link>
</li>
<li>
<Link href={pagePath} class={{ active: pathname === pagePath }}>
{t('app.nav.page@@Page')}
</Link>
</li>
</ul>
</header>
<ChangeLocale />
</>
);
});
Extraction
We can now extract the translations and generate the assets
as json. In package.json
add the following command to the scripts:
"qwik-speak-extract": "qwik-speak-extract --supportedLangs=en-US,it-IT --assetsPath=i18n"
npm run qwik-speak-extract
The following files are generated:
i18n/en-US/app.json
i18n/it-IT/app.json
translations skipped due to dynamic keys: 1
extracted keys: 9
app
asset for each language, initialized with the default values we provided.
translations skipped due to dynamic keys is runtime.${key}
. During configuration, we provided in runtimeAssets
a runtime
file, which we can now create and populate with dynamic keys:
i18n/[lang]/runtime.json
{
"runtime": {
"dynamic": "I'm a dynamic value"
}
}
See Qwik Speak Extract for more details.
Development
We can translate the it-IT
files and start the app:
npm start
Production
Build the production app in preview mode:
npm run preview
and inspect the qwik-speak-inline.log
file in root folder to see warnings for missing values or dynamic keys.
Domain-based routing
Prefix always
If you want to use different domains in production, update speak-config.ts
with the domains supported by each locale, and set the prefix
usage strategy:
export const config: SpeakConfig = {
defaultLocale: { lang: 'en' },
supportedLocales: [
{ domain: 'example.com', lang: 'en' },
{ domain: 'example.it', lang: 'it' },
{ withDomain: 'example.com', lang: 'de' }
],
domainBasedRouting: {
prefix: 'always'
},
};
While in dev mode the navigation will only use the prefix, in production it will use the domain and the prefix:
https://example.com/
https://example.com/page
https://example.it/it
https://example.it/it/page
https://example.com/de
https://example.com/de/page
In SSG mode, you can only use
always
as prefix strategy
Prefix as needed
If in production you don't want the prefix for the default domains, change the prefix strategy to as-needed
:
domainBasedRouting: {
prefix: 'as-needed'
},
It will result in:
https://example.com/
https://example.com/page
https://example.it
https://example.it/page
https://example.com/de
https://example.com/de/page
Since the de
language does not have a default domain, but we have associated another domain, it will automatically keep the prefix.
Usage
Update plugin.ts
to get the language from the domain:
import type { RequestHandler } from '@builder.io/qwik-city';
import { extractFromDomain, setSpeakContext, validateLocale } from 'qwik-speak';
import { config } from '../speak-config';
export const onRequest: RequestHandler = ({ params, locale, url }) => {
let lang: string | undefined = undefined;
if (params.lang && validateLocale(params.lang)) {
// Check supported locales
lang = config.supportedLocales.find(value => value.lang === params.lang)?.lang;
} else {
// Extract from domain
lang = extractFromDomain(url, config.supportedLocales) || config.defaultLocale.lang;
}
// Set Speak context (optional: set the configuration on the server)
setSpeakContext(config);
// Set Qwik locale
locale(lang);
};
and in ChangeLocale
component pass the URL instead of the pathname to getPath
:
export const ChangeLocale = component$(() => {
const url = useLocation().url;
const config = useSpeakConfig();
const getPath = localizePath();
return (
<>
{config.supportedLocales.map(value => (
<a key={value.lang} href={getPath(url, value.lang)}>
{/* */}
</a>
))}
</>
);
});
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